Keanekaragaman Spesies Parasitoid Telur Hama Lepidoptera dan Parasitisasinya pada Beberapa Tanaman di Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat

Hidrayani Hidrayani, R. Rusli, Y. S. Lubis

Abstract


A study was conducted to determine the species diversity of lepidoptera egg parasitoids on several crops in Solok. lepidopteran eggs were collected from rice, corn, tomato, and cabbage. A survey was conducted by using Stratified Purposive Sampling Method. Two districts (Gunung Talang and Lembah Gumanti) were chosen as centre of the target crops. The results showed that five species of egg parasitoids were found parasitizing lepidopteran eggs. The species found on rice were Telenomus sp., Tetrastichus sp., and Trichogramma japonicum parasitizing Scirpophaga incertulas and Hesperiidae with parasitization levels were 29.54; 13.02; and 2.05% respectively. The species found on corn was Trichogrammatoidea spp. parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera with parasitization level was 29.07%. None of parasitoid was found to parasitize eggs of H. armigera on tomato. The egg parasitoid parasitizing Crocidolomia pavonana and Spodoptera litura on cabbage was Trichogramma chilotrae with parasitization level was 1.67%. The most abundance species of lepidopteran egg parasitoids were Telenomus sp.and Trichogrammatoidea sp. The diversity index of egg parasitoids on rice in different sample areas varied from 0.46 to 0.63 based on Simpsons index. It indicated that the species diversity of lepidopteran eggs was relatively low.

 


Keywords


diversity, egg parasitoid, lepidopteran pest

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmad, S., Ashfaq, M., Hassan, M & Sahi, S.T. 2012. Potential of parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) against the sugarcane stem borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under field condition. Int. J. Biodiversity and Conservation 4(1): 36–38.

Ali, M., Nurdin, F & Harnas, J. 1997. Penggunaan pestisida pada tanaman bawang merah, kentang dan kubis di Alahan Panjang, Sumatera Barat. Seminar Tantangan Entomologi Abad XXI. Bogor, 8 Januari 1997.

Buchori, D., Hidayat, P., Kartosuwondo, U., Nurmansyah, A & Meilin, A. 2002. Dinamika interaksi antara parasitoid trichogrammatidae dan inangnya : faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas trichogrammatidae sebagai agen pengendalian hayati. Laporan penelitian Hibah Bersaing perguruan Tinggi VII/3.

Buchori, D., Meilin, A., Hidayat, P & Sahari, B. 2010. Species distribution of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea genus (Trichogrammatoidea:Hymenoptea) in Java. J. ISSAAS 16(1): 83–96.

Budiman, H. 2004. Eksplorasi hama pengorok daun Liriomyza spp (Diptera; Agromyzidae) dan parasitoidnya pada pertanaman kubis Brassica oleraceae Linneus di Kec. Lembah Gumanti Kab. Solok. Skripsi. Universitas Andalas. Padang.

Hidayat, P., Buchori, D & Meilin, A. 1999. Ekplorasi dan identifikasi beberapa spesies trichogrammatidae dari berbagai daerah di Jawa. Prosiding Seminar Pengendalian Hayati. Yokyakarta, Juni. 1999.

Hidrayani. 2003. Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, parasitoid Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchrd)(Diptera: Agromyzidae): Biologi dan tanggap fungsional, serta pengaruh jenis tumbuhan inang dan aplikasi insektisida. Disertasi. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Hidrayani, Purnomo, Rauf, A., Ridland, P.M & Hoffman A.A. 2005. Pesticide applications on Java potato fields are ineffective in controlling leafminers, and have antagonistic effects on natural enemies of leafminers. Int. J. Pest Manage 51(3): 181–187.

Hidrayani., Syam, U & Fajri, M. 2006. Kajian parasitoid serangga hama tanaman kubis bunga (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Botrytis L.) pada pertanaman yang diaplikasi dan tanpa insektisida. Laporan SP4.

Hidrayani, Yaherwandi & Sari, W. 2007. Keragaman spesies parasitoid telur pada tanaman padi, jagung, dan tomat di Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Manggaro. Jurnal Pengelolaan Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan 8(1):17–24.

Kalshoven, L.G.E. 1981. The pest of crops in Indonesia. Revised and Translated by Van der Laan. PT. Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve. Jakarta.

Krebs, C.J. 1999. Ecological Metodology. 2nd ed. New York: An imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Mandour, N.S, Sarban, A.A &Atwa, D.H. 2012. The integration between Trichogramma evanescens West. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and selected bioinsecticides for controlling the potato tuber moth phthorimaea operculella (Zell.)(Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) of stored potatoes. J. Plant. Protection Res 52(1): 40–46.

Nurtiati. 1991. Kemampuan dan perilaku memarasit Trichogrammatidae bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) pada telur Plutella xylostella Linneus (Lepidoptera: Yponometidae). Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Pabbage, M.S & Tandiabang, J. 2007. Parasitasi Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) pada berbagai tingkat populasi dan generasi biakan parasitoid terhadap telur penggerek batang jagung Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee. Agritrop 26(1): 41–50.

Papaj, D.R. 2001. Ovarian dynamics and host use. Annu. Rev. Entomol 45: 423–448.

Pedigo, L.P. 1991. Entomologi and Pest Management. New York: Mac Millan Publishing Company.

Pracaya. 1999. Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.

Rusli. 2002. Inventarisasi penggunaan pestisida oleh petani kubis di Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti, Kabupaten Solok.

Jurnal Stigma X(4): 344–346.

Sastrosiswojo, S. 1996. Biological control of the diamond back moth in IPM systems. Case study from Asia. BCPC Symposium Proceedings No.67 : Biological Control Introduction.

Setiawati, W. 1991. Kehilangan hasil buah tomat akibat serangan Heliothis armigera Hubn. Bull. Penel. Hort 19(4): 14–17.

Untung, K. 1993. Pengantar Pengelolaan Hama terpadu. Gadjah Mada: University Press.

Vinson, S.B. 1984. Behavioral Chemical in The Augmentation. In. Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemy. Chapman and Hall Ltd.

Yaherwandi. 2005. Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitoid pada beberapa tipe lanskap pertanian di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Cianjur Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat. Disertasi. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Yuliarti, N. 2002. Karakter morfologi dan molekular parasitoid telur, Telenomus spp (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) dari beberapa daerah di Jawa. Tesis. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana IPB.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.15.1.9-14

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2014 Hidrayani, R. Rusli, Y. S. Lubis

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.