Pembuatan Membran Polimer Elektrolit Berbasis Polistiren Akrilonitril (SAN) untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Irwan Ginting Suka, Wasinton Simanjuntak, Eniya Listiani Dewi

Abstract


In this study, electrolyte membranes based on polystyrene acrylonitrile (SAN) for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell applicationwere prepared. The preparation was carried out in two steps. The first step was introduction of additives, silicaand zeolite, as reinforcing agent on SAN, to obtain silica-reinforced SAN membrane, specified as SAN-Si, andzeolite-reinforced SAN membranae, specified as SAN-Z. The two reinforced membranes were then subjected tosulphonation using sulphuric acid, and the sulphonated membranes are specified as S-SAN-Si and S-SAN-Z,respectively. The characteristics of the membrane were described in terms of the degree of sulphonation, ionicconductivity, methanol permeability, and percentage of swelling in water and methanol. The results obtaineddemonstrated that additives result in significant reduction of methanol crossover, as reflected by lower values ofmethanol permeability than that obtained for the membrane without additive. It was also found that zeolite functionsrelatively better than silica. For zeolite-modified membrane (S-SAN-Z) the ionic conductivity of 10.05 x 10 -6 S/cmwas achieved. The membrane also marked by methanol permeability of 0.52 x 10 -6, percentage of swelling of 5.12%in water and 2.58% in methanol. Thermal analysis using DSC technique revealed changes in glass transition fromthe original sample, in which the glass transition of the original sample, SAN, (55 0C), sulphonated SAN, S-SAN,(83.360C), silica-modified membrane S-SAN-Si (79.860C), and zeolite-modified membrane S-SAN-Z (79.290C). Additionof additive was also found to influence the surface characteristics of the membranes as revealed by SEM analysis,in which the surface changed from smooth for the original sample into rough for the reinforced samples with bothadditives.

Keywords


additive, direct methanol fuel cell, ionic conductivity, methanol cross-over, styrene-acrylonitrile, sulphonation.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Anita, H. & Desriana, T.U. 2006. Mempelajari pengaruh pencampuran (Blending) PEEK tersulfonasi dengan polisulfon untuk Aplikasi Membran Elektrolit. Laporan Penelitian. Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri. Institut Teknologi Indonesia. Tangerang.

Antonucci, P.L., Arico, A.S., Creti, P., Ramunni, E. & Antonucci, V. 1999. Investigation of a direct methanol fuel cell based on a composite nafion-Silika Electrolyte for High Temperature Operation. Solid State Ionics 125: 431-439.

Appleby, A.J. & Foulkes, F.R. 1989. Fuel Cells Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

Baradie, B., Dodelet, J.P. & Guay, D. 2000. Hybrid nafion-inorganic membrane With Potensial Applications for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Journal of Electroanalitical Chemistry 489: 101-105.

Bossel, U. 2000. The birth of the Fuel Cell; European Fuel Cell Forum: Oberrohrdorf.

Breck, D.W. 1974. Zeolite Molecular Sievies. Didalam Sutarti, dkk. Zeolit Tinjauan Literatur. Pusat dokumentasi dan informasi ilmiah. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.

Carette, L., Friedrich, K. A. & Stimming, U. 2001. Fuel Cell-Fundamentals and Application. Wiley Online Library.

Depre, L., Ingram, M., Poinsignon, C. & Popall, M. 2000. Proton conducting sulfon/sulfonamide functionalized materials based on inorganic-organic matrices. Electrochimica acta 45: 1377-1383.

Dewi, E.L. 2007, Development of local components for fuel cell Technology, Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 9: 57-66.

Dupont. 1996. Nafion®, Technical information data sheet, Global customer service.

Handayani, S., Dewi, E. L., Purwanto, W. W. & Roekmijati, W. S. 2007. Membran komposit polyeter Eter Keton yang Tersulfonasi-Zeolite untuk Aplikasi Sel Bahan Bakar Metanol Lansung. Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 9: 52-56.

Hartanto, S., Marlina, L. & Handayani, S. 2007. Pengaruh Silika pada Membran Elektrolit Berbasis Polieter-eter Keton. Seminar Nasional Teknik Rekayasa Industri. T4 -14:1-4. Jurusan Teknik Kimia. Fakultas Teknik Industri. Institut Teknologi Indonesia. Tangerang.

Hasiotis, C., Deimede, V. & Kontoyannis, C. 2001. New Polymer Electrolytes based on Blends Sulfonated Polysulfone with Polybenzimidazole. Electrochimica Acta, 46: 2410-2406.

Honma, I., Nomura, S. & Nakajima, H. 2001. Protonic Conducting Organic/ Inorganic Nanocomposites for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane. Journal of Membrane Science. 185: 83-94.

Irwan, G.S., Suprayitno, A. & Simanjuntak, W. 2007. Sulfonasi Polistiren Akrilonitril Sebagai Membran Polimer Elektrolit Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Jurnal Ilmiah MIPA BKS-PTN WILAYAH INDONESIA BARAT. 10: 97-103.

Jung, D.H. 2002. Performance evaluation of a nafion/silicon oxide hybrid Membranes for direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Journal of Power Sources 106: 173-177.

Kerres, J.A. 2001. Development of Ionomer membranes for fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science 185: 3-27.

Kreuer, K.D. 1996. Proton Conductivity: Materials and

Applications. Chem. Mater 8: 610-641.

Manea, C. & Mulder, M. 2002. Characterization of polymer blends of polyethersulfone/sulfonated polysulfone and polyethersulfone/Sulfonated polyetheretherketone for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Aplications. Journal of Membrane Science 206: 443-453.

Prater, K.B. 1994. Polymer electrolyte Fuel Cell: A Review of Recent Development. Journal of Power Sources 51: 129-131.

Savadogo, O. 2004. Emerging membranes for electrochemical systems Part II. high Temperature Composite Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Aplications. Journal of Power Source 127: 135-161.

Yohan, R.M. 2005. Pembuatan Bahan Membran Sel Bahan Bakar: Pengaruh Pengkondisian Film PTFE Terhadap Hasil Pencangkokan dengan Tekhnik Iradiasi Awal. Departemen Metalurgi dan Material. Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia. Depok.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.13.1.1-6

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2012 Irwan Ginting Suka, Wasinton Simanjuntak, Eniya Listiani Dewi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.